一、項(xiàng)目概況

　　1、 Project Overview

　　河南開封一個(gè)項(xiàng)目現(xiàn)場(chǎng)，需要對(duì)污水池廢氣進(jìn)行治理，選擇的工藝為采用生物除臭裝置進(jìn)行治理。生物除臭的最大優(yōu)點(diǎn)就是運(yùn)行成本低。最大缺點(diǎn)是細(xì)菌的不穩(wěn)定性，這是限制其發(fā)展的最大瓶頸。

　　At a project site in Kaifeng, Henan, it is necessary to treat the waste gas from the sewage tank. The selected process is to use a biological deodorization device for treatment. The biggest advantage of biological deodorization is its low operating cost. The biggest drawback is the instability of bacteria, which is the biggest bottleneck limiting their development.

　　行業(yè)傳統(tǒng)做法是UV光氧+活性炭吸附工藝。UV光氧除臭殺菌效果要明顯優(yōu)于治理有機(jī)廢氣的效果。常見惡臭氣體主要成分有氨、硫化氫、SO2、胺類等。

　　The traditional practice in the industry is the UV photo oxygen+activated carbon adsorption process. The UV photocatalytic deodorization and sterilization effect is significantly better than the treatment of organic waste gas. The main components of common odorous gases are ammonia, hydrogen sulfide SO2、 Amines, etc.

　　二、工藝介紹

　　2、 Process Introduction

　　本工藝采用生物濾床除臭裝置對(duì)臭氣進(jìn)行處理，分別經(jīng)過預(yù)洗段和生物菌種吸附，最后將凈化氣體直接排放。通過生物填料巨大的表面積和極其完善的微生物群落系統(tǒng)，對(duì)于水溶解性不好的有機(jī)物降解尤為有效。吸附則主要針對(duì)水溶性物質(zhì)。對(duì)于吸收式生物作用的歷程一般認(rèn)為由以下三步：第一步：廢臭氣體首先與水接觸，由于氣相和液相的濃度差以及異味物在液相的溶解性能，使得異味物質(zhì)從氣相進(jìn)入液相（或液膜內(nèi)）第二步：進(jìn)入液相或固體表面生物層（或液膜）的異味物質(zhì)被微生物吸收第三步：進(jìn)入微生物細(xì)胞的異味物質(zhì)在微生物代謝過程中作為能源和營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)被分解、轉(zhuǎn)化成無害、簡(jiǎn)單物質(zhì)，在轉(zhuǎn)化過程中產(chǎn)生能量，過濾池中的微生物的生長(zhǎng)與繁殖提供能源，使廢臭氣體物質(zhì)的轉(zhuǎn)化持續(xù)進(jìn)行。并達(dá)標(biāo)高空排放。

　　This process uses a biological filter bed deodorization device to treat the odor, which passes through a pre washing section and biological bacterial adsorption, and finally discharges the purified gas directly. The huge surface area and extremely sophisticated microbial community system of biological fillers are particularly effective in degrading organic matter with poor water solubility. Adsorption mainly targets water-soluble substances. The process of absorption based biological action is generally believed to consist of the following three steps: Step 1: The waste odorous gas first comes into contact with water. Due to the concentration difference between the gas and liquid phases, as well as the solubility of odorous substances in the liquid phase, the odorous substances enter the liquid phase (or liquid film) from the gas phase. Step 2: The odorous substances entering the liquid phase or solid surface biological layer (or liquid film) are absorbed by microorganisms. Step 3: The odorous substances entering the microbial cells are decomposed and converted into harmless and simple substances as energy and nutrients during microbial metabolism, generating energy during the conversion process. The growth and reproduction of microorganisms in the filtration tank provide energy, enabling the continuous conversion of waste odorous gas substances. And meet the standards for high-altitude emissions.

　　三、部件介紹

　　3、 Component Introduction

　　例：該項(xiàng)目需要 4000-5000m?/h 處理能力的生物除臭裝置，選型如下，并對(duì)部分部件進(jìn)行介紹：材質(zhì)：pp規(guī)格：5000*2000*2500mm厚度：10mm風(fēng)口：Φ400mm生物水泵：0.37kw預(yù)洗水泵：2.2kw噴淋水箱：700×500×500mm配置：初段噴淋洗滌+生物處理+末端除霧填料：火山巖復(fù)合生物填料+環(huán)保球除霧填料高度：500mm填料高度：500mm1、生物菌種目前已投入使用的生物菌種種群主要包含硫化菌、氨氧化細(xì)菌、芽孢菌、假單孢菌、酵母屬、曲霉屬和青霉屬等十余種生物優(yōu)勢(shì)菌種。這些菌種接種成功后，運(yùn)行過程中無需外添加營(yíng)養(yǎng)液。設(shè)備長(zhǎng)時(shí)間停止運(yùn)行時(shí)（夏季大于 10 天，冬季大于 30 天），菌種會(huì)在外界溫濕度不利的情況自動(dòng)進(jìn)入休眠狀態(tài)，等設(shè)備恢復(fù)運(yùn)行后，菌種會(huì)在 24 小時(shí)內(nèi)復(fù)蘇,處理效果恢復(fù)正常。當(dāng)生物填料更換時(shí)，菌種需重新接種。如果填料更換一半以下，無需重新接種，在 2-4 天，菌種會(huì)繁殖到新更換的填料里。

　　Example: This project requires a biological deodorization device with a processing capacity of 4000-5000m?/h. The selection is as follows, and some components are introduced: Material: PP Specification: 5000 * 2000 * 2500mm Thickness: 10mm Air outlet: Φ 400mm Biological water pump: 0.37kw Pre washing water pump: 2.2kw Spray water tank: 700 × 500 × 500mm Configuration: Initial spray washing+biological treatment+End dehazing Packing: Volcanic rock composite biological packing+Environmental ball dehazing Packing height: 500mm. The biological bacterial population currently in use mainly includes more than ten biologically advantageous bacterial species such as sulfur oxidizing bacteria, ammonia oxidizing bacteria, spore forming bacteria, Pseudomonas, yeast, Aspergillus, and Penicillium. After successful inoculation of these strains, there is no need to add nutrient solution during operation. When the equipment stops running for a long time (more than 10 days in summer and more than 30 days in winter), the bacteria will automatically enter a dormant state in unfavorable external temperature and humidity conditions. After the equipment resumes operation, the bacteria will recover within 24 hours and the treatment effect will return to normal. When replacing the biological filler, the bacterial strain needs to be re inoculated. If the filler is replaced by less than half, there is no need to re inoculate. Within 2-4 days, the bacteria will multiply into the newly replaced filler.

　　2、生物填料生物層填料采用天然有機(jī)材料制造原料，以北方落葉松樹片為主，經(jīng)粉碎、分級(jí)篩選等工序加工而成的環(huán)保有機(jī)生物填料，與其它生物填料相比，它具有比表面積高、堆積密度小抗腐蝕性好，使用壽命長(zhǎng)（大于 10 年），對(duì)人體無害，不易板結(jié)，具有良好的保濕性和適氣性，載體表面為親水性，適宜微生物生長(zhǎng)等特點(diǎn)。由于松樹皮生物填料本身為有機(jī)物質(zhì)，養(yǎng)分含量高，營(yíng)養(yǎng)成分平衡，因此在廢氣處理過程中，填料自身可為微生物的生長(zhǎng)提供充足的營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)，無須另外投加營(yíng)養(yǎng)液，減少運(yùn)行成本和管理費(fèi)用。設(shè)備內(nèi)裝填有足夠量的生物填料，確保填料與臭氣的接觸時(shí)間不低于 20 秒，并且采用的生物填料表面粗糙，具有較大的比表面積，污染物與微生物的接觸面積大，有利于微生物接觸掛膜和生長(zhǎng)，保持較多的微生物量，保證除臭效果和處理效率。生物填料運(yùn)行時(shí)風(fēng)阻小，確保整體設(shè)備的能耗低。設(shè)備設(shè)有專門的填料裝料口、卸料口和檢修口，檢修更換濾料方便。生物填料采用松樹皮，原料來源于自然，不易板結(jié)，不污染環(huán)境，并且原料都經(jīng)國(guó)家權(quán)威部門檢驗(yàn)檢疫的，對(duì)人體無害。達(dá)到使用壽命期限的更換下來填料可直接作為城市生物垃圾進(jìn)行處理，不會(huì)造成二次污染。

　　2. Biological fillers are made from natural organic materials, mainly northern deciduous pine slices, and processed through processes such as crushing, grading, and screening. They are environmentally friendly organic biological fillers. Compared with other biological fillers, they have a high specific surface area, low packing density, good corrosion resistance, long service life (more than 10 years), are harmless to the human body, are not easy to harden, have good moisturizing and gas adaptability, and the carrier surface is hydrophilic, suitable for microbial growth and other characteristics. Due to the fact that pine bark bio fillers are organic matter with high nutrient content and balanced nutritional components, they can provide sufficient nutrients for the growth of microorganisms during the waste gas treatment process, without the need for additional nutrient solutions, reducing operating and management costs. The equipment is filled with a sufficient amount of biological filler to ensure that the contact time between the filler and the odor is not less than 20 seconds. The surface of the biological filler used is rough and has a large specific surface area. The contact area between pollutants and microorganisms is large, which is conducive to microbial contact, film formation, and growth, maintaining a large microbial population and ensuring deodorization effect and treatment efficiency. Biological fillers have low wind resistance during operation, ensuring low energy consumption of the overall equipment. The equipment is equipped with dedicated filling ports, unloading ports, and maintenance ports, making it convenient to replace filter media during maintenance. The biological filler is made of pine bark, which is sourced from nature and is not easily compacted, does not pollute the environment, and the raw materials have been inspected and quarantined by national authoritative departments, making them harmless to human health. After reaching the end of its service life, the replaced filling material can be directly treated as urban biological waste without causing secondary pollution.

　　3、洗滌填料洗滌填料采用花環(huán)填料，主要特點(diǎn)是填料的空隙率大，不易被堵塞，還有通量大、阻力小等優(yōu)點(diǎn)，花環(huán)填料也稱梅花環(huán)填料是由許多圓環(huán)結(jié)繞而成，由于填料的空隙處能有較高的持液量，由于這種填料的間隙處能有較高的滯液量，可使塔內(nèi)液體停留時(shí)間較長(zhǎng)，從而增加了氣液的接觸時(shí)間，提高了填料的傳質(zhì)效率。聚丙烯填料具有空隙率大，壓降和傳質(zhì)單元高度低，泛點(diǎn)高，汽液接觸充分，比重小，傳質(zhì)效率高等特點(diǎn)，多用于氣體洗滌、凈化塔中。4、洗滌循環(huán)水泵洗滌循環(huán)水泵能適應(yīng)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)環(huán)境及過流介質(zhì)要求，絕緣等級(jí)為 F 級(jí)，B 級(jí)溫升，防護(hù)等級(jí)為 IP55，泵配用電機(jī)為全封閉、風(fēng)冷式二級(jí)電機(jī)、有防止酸氣進(jìn)入軸承密封圈。過水部分材質(zhì)為 SUS304。水泵選用低噪音泵。綜上，對(duì)于廢氣流量穩(wěn)定、設(shè)備外圍溫濕度變化不懸殊的工況，使用生物除臭可大大降低企業(yè)運(yùn)行成本。

　　3. The washing packing adopts flower wreath packing, which is mainly characterized by a high porosity of the packing, is not easily blocked, and has the advantages of high flux and low resistance. Flower wreath packing, also known as plum flower wreath packing, is made up of many circular rings. Due to the high liquid holding capacity at the gaps of the packing, the liquid retention time in the tower can be longer, thereby increasing the contact time between gas and liquid and improving the mass transfer efficiency of the packing. Polypropylene packing has the characteristics of high porosity, low pressure drop and mass transfer unit height, high flooding point, sufficient gas-liquid contact, low specific gravity, and high mass transfer efficiency. It is commonly used in gas washing and purification towers. 4. The washing circulating water pump can adapt to the on-site environment and overcurrent medium requirements, with insulation level of F, temperature rise level of B, and protection level of IP55. The pump is equipped with a fully enclosed, air-cooled secondary motor with a sealing ring to prevent acid gas from entering the bearing. The material of the water passing part is SUS304. Select low-noise pumps for water pumps. In summary, for working conditions where the exhaust gas flow is stable and the temperature and humidity around the equipment do not vary significantly, the use of biological deodorization can greatly reduce the operating costs of enterprises.

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