在工業(yè)生產(chǎn)、科研實(shí)驗(yàn)以及醫(yī)療等眾多領(lǐng)域，危險(xiǎn)廢物的產(chǎn)生難以避免。這些危險(xiǎn)廢物如果處理不當(dāng)，會(huì)對環(huán)境和人類健康造成極大威脅。危廢暫存間作為危險(xiǎn)廢物處理過程中的關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)，發(fā)揮著至關(guān)重要的作用。

The generation of hazardous waste is difficult to avoid in many fields such as industrial production, scientific research experiments, and medical care. If these hazardous wastes are not handled properly, they can pose a great threat to the environment and human health. The hazardous waste temporary storage room plays a crucial role as a key link in the hazardous waste treatment process.

一、危廢暫存間的定義與功能

1、 Definition and function of hazardous waste temporary storage room

危廢暫存間，即危險(xiǎn)廢物貯存間，是專門用于短期儲(chǔ)存、中轉(zhuǎn)危險(xiǎn)廢物的場所。它就像是危險(xiǎn)廢物的 “臨時(shí)驛站”，將來自不同源頭的危險(xiǎn)廢物進(jìn)行集中收集和暫時(shí)存放。這些危險(xiǎn)廢物來源廣泛，涵蓋化工、醫(yī)藥、電子、冶金等工業(yè)行業(yè)，以及醫(yī)院、科研機(jī)構(gòu)等場所 。

The hazardous waste temporary storage room, also known as the hazardous waste storage room, is a place specifically designed for short-term storage and transfer of hazardous waste. It is like a "temporary station" for hazardous waste, collecting and temporarily storing hazardous waste from different sources. These hazardous wastes come from a wide range of sources, covering industrial industries such as chemical, pharmaceutical, electronic, metallurgical, as well as hospitals, research institutions, and other places.

其主要功能包括：

Its main functions include:

分類儲(chǔ)存：可以對不同性質(zhì)的危險(xiǎn)廢物進(jìn)行分類存放，比如將易燃易爆廢物、有毒有害廢物、放射性廢物等區(qū)分開來。這不僅方便后續(xù)的管理和處理，還能避免不相容的廢物混合，降低發(fā)生化學(xué)反應(yīng)或泄漏的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

Classified storage: Hazardous waste of different properties can be classified and stored, such as distinguishing flammable and explosive waste, toxic and hazardous waste, radioactive waste, etc. This not only facilitates subsequent management and handling, but also avoids incompatible waste mixing and reduces the risk of chemical reactions or leaks.

中轉(zhuǎn)作用：作為危險(xiǎn)廢物轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)的中轉(zhuǎn)站，在廢物從產(chǎn)生地運(yùn)往最終處理處置場所的過程中，危廢暫存間確保了廢物在轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)期間得到妥善保管，防止其對周邊環(huán)境造成污染。

Transfer function: As a transfer station for hazardous waste transportation, the hazardous waste temporary storage room ensures that the waste is properly stored during transportation from the source to the final disposal site, preventing it from polluting the surrounding environment.

安全防護(hù)：通常采用密閉結(jié)構(gòu)，并配備完善的監(jiān)控報(bào)警裝置和安全管理制度。能有效防止危險(xiǎn)廢物在儲(chǔ)存過程中發(fā)生泄漏、揮發(fā)、爆炸等事故，降低環(huán)境風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和安全隱患。同時(shí)，在發(fā)生緊急情況時(shí)，這里還可作為事故應(yīng)急場所，便于迅速采取應(yīng)急措施，防止事態(tài)擴(kuò)大。

Safety protection: usually adopts a closed structure and is equipped with complete monitoring and alarm devices and safety management systems. It can effectively prevent accidents such as leakage, volatilization, and explosion of hazardous waste during storage, reduce environmental risks and safety hazards. At the same time, in case of emergency, this place can also serve as an emergency site for accidents, facilitating the rapid adoption of emergency measures and preventing the situation from escalating.

二、危廢暫存間的建設(shè)要求

2、 Construction requirements for hazardous waste temporary storage room

選址要求：應(yīng)避免選擇在強(qiáng)震地帶，如地震烈度超過 7 度的區(qū)域，同時(shí)也要避開自然災(zāi)害頻發(fā)地區(qū)。選址時(shí)需充分考慮環(huán)境因素，與居民區(qū)保持合適的距離，防止對居民生活造成影響。

Site selection requirements: Avoid choosing areas with strong earthquakes, such as those with an intensity exceeding 7 degrees, and also avoid areas with frequent natural disasters. When selecting a site, environmental factors should be fully considered, and a suitable distance should be maintained from residential areas to prevent any impact on residents' lives.

建筑結(jié)構(gòu)：建筑結(jié)構(gòu)要牢固可靠，具備良好的密閉性。地面需進(jìn)行硬化處理，并涂有高密度環(huán)氧樹脂，以防止?jié)B漏和腐蝕?；A(chǔ)必須防滲，防滲層可以采用一定厚度的粘土層、高密度聚乙烯或其他人工材料，確保危險(xiǎn)廢物不會(huì)污染土壤和地下水。

Building structure: The building structure should be firm and reliable, with good airtightness. The ground needs to be hardened and coated with high-density epoxy resin to prevent leakage and corrosion. The foundation must be impermeable, and the impermeable layer can be made of a certain thickness of clay layer, high-density polyethylene or other artificial materials to ensure that hazardous waste does not pollute the soil and groundwater.

配套設(shè)施：存放液體性危險(xiǎn)廢物的貯存場所應(yīng)設(shè)計(jì)收集溝及收集井，用于收集滲濾液，防止外溢流失。如果存放的危廢為具有揮發(fā)性氣體的，暫存間內(nèi)必須設(shè)置導(dǎo)出口及氣體凈化裝置；若存放危廢為液體，還需配備泄漏液體收集裝置，如托盤、導(dǎo)流溝、收集池等 。此外，要有完善的安全照明設(shè)施和觀察窗口，方便工作人員操作和觀察內(nèi)部情況。

Supporting facilities: Storage sites for liquid hazardous waste should be designed with collection ditches and wells to collect leachate and prevent overflow and loss. If the stored hazardous waste contains volatile gases, an outlet and gas purification device must be installed in the temporary storage room; If hazardous waste is stored as liquid, leakage liquid collection devices such as trays, diversion ditches, collection pools, etc. should also be equipped. In addition, there should be comprehensive safety lighting facilities and observation windows to facilitate staff operation and observation of internal conditions.

三、危廢暫存間的管理規(guī)范

3、 Management standards for hazardous waste temporary storage room

人員管理：必須設(shè)置專人管理，嚴(yán)禁非本企業(yè)人員進(jìn)入。對于劇毒化學(xué)品以及儲(chǔ)存數(shù)量構(gòu)成重大危險(xiǎn)源的其他危險(xiǎn)化學(xué)品，應(yīng)當(dāng)在專用倉庫內(nèi)單獨(dú)存放，采用雙人雙鎖管理。管理人員要經(jīng)過專業(yè)培訓(xùn)，熟悉危險(xiǎn)廢物的性質(zhì)和管理要求。

Personnel management: A dedicated person must be set up for management, and non enterprise personnel are strictly prohibited from entering. For highly toxic chemicals and other hazardous chemicals that constitute a major hazard source in terms of storage quantity, they should be stored separately in dedicated warehouses and managed by two people and two locks. Management personnel must undergo professional training and be familiar with the nature and management requirements of hazardous waste.

登記管理：管理人員應(yīng)對進(jìn)入暫存間的危險(xiǎn)廢物進(jìn)行詳細(xì)登記，記錄貨物的名稱、數(shù)量、來源、處理方式、入庫日期、存放庫位、廢物出庫日期和接收單位名稱等信息。臺(tái)賬要及時(shí)更新，并懸掛于暫存間內(nèi)，確保任何危險(xiǎn)廢物的轉(zhuǎn)入、轉(zhuǎn)出都有清晰記錄。

Registration management: Management personnel should conduct detailed registration of hazardous waste entering the temporary storage room, recording information such as the name, quantity, source, disposal method, storage date, storage location, waste outflow date, and receiving unit name of the goods. The ledger should be updated in a timely manner and hung in the temporary storage room to ensure clear records of any incoming or outgoing hazardous waste.

安全檢查：定期對危廢暫存間進(jìn)行檢查，包括設(shè)施設(shè)備的運(yùn)行狀況、消防設(shè)施的完好性、電器線路的安全性等，及時(shí)排除安全隱患。一旦發(fā)現(xiàn)暫存間內(nèi)的警示標(biāo)識(shí)損壞，應(yīng)當(dāng)及時(shí)登記臺(tái)賬，并上報(bào)給相關(guān)負(fù)責(zé)人。

Safety inspection: Regularly inspect the hazardous waste temporary storage room, including the operation status of facilities and equipment, the integrity of fire-fighting facilities, the safety of electrical circuits, etc., and promptly eliminate safety hazards. Once the warning signs in the temporary storage room are found to be damaged, they should be promptly recorded in the ledger and reported to the relevant person in charge.

環(huán)境監(jiān)測：定期對危廢暫存間的環(huán)境進(jìn)行監(jiān)測，包括空氣質(zhì)量、噪聲污染、土壤污染等，確保符合環(huán)保要求。同時(shí)，暫存間內(nèi)應(yīng)設(shè)置危險(xiǎn)廢物信息公開欄和貯存設(shè)施警示標(biāo)志牌，明確標(biāo)識(shí)危險(xiǎn)廢物的種類、數(shù)量、貯存設(shè)施等信息。

Environmental monitoring: Regularly monitor the environment of the hazardous waste storage room, including air quality, noise pollution, soil pollution, etc., to ensure compliance with environmental protection requirements. At the same time, a hazardous waste information disclosure board and storage facility warning signs should be set up in the temporary storage room, clearly indicating the types, quantities, storage facilities, and other information of hazardous waste.

危廢暫存間從建設(shè)到管理，每一個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)都緊密關(guān)系到危險(xiǎn)廢物的安全處置和環(huán)境的保護(hù)。只有嚴(yán)格按照相關(guān)要求執(zhí)行，才能讓這個(gè) “臨時(shí)驛站” 切實(shí)發(fā)揮作用，守護(hù)我們的生態(tài)環(huán)境 。

From construction to management, every step of the hazardous waste temporary storage room is closely related to the safe disposal of hazardous waste and environmental protection. Only by strictly following the relevant requirements can this' temporary station 'truly play its role and protect our ecological environment.

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